Hypothyroidism in Saudi patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Background and Objective: The associations between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and hypothyroidism (HT) have long been reported. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study to ????find out the prevalence of HT in patients with T1DM.

Design: A “cross-sectional study “ was conducted in the Diabetes Center at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from
January 2018 to March 2019. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (FT4), and HbA1c were measured.

Results: A total of 124 (50.6%) patients with T1DM and 121 (49.4%) patients with no history of T1DM as a control group was included in this study. The average age of patients with T1DM compared to patients without T1DM was statistically non-significant (15.6±2.1 and 16.1±1.9 respectively, p=0.2). There was statistically non-significant more frequent of females compared to males in patients with T1DM (54% vs. 46%) p=0.8. The mean of TSH was statistically non-significant different in patients with T1DM when compared with those withoutT1DM (3.6±7.5 vs. 3.5±14.7 respectively) p=0.9. There was a statistically significant higher prevalence of HT among T1DM (16.1% vs. 6.6%) p=0.03. The mean age of diabetic patients with HT compared to patients without HT was statistically non-significant (15.6 ±2.6 and 16.0±1.9 respectively, p=0.4). There was statistically non-significant more frequent of females compared to males in diabetic patients with HT (70% vs. 30%) p=0.2. Mean TSH was statistically non-significant different in diabetic patients with than without HT (13.0 ±15.8 vs. 2.7 ±10.7 respectively) p<0.0001. In addition, there was a statistically non-significant difference between diabetic patients with and without HT (13.0 ±2.4 vs. 13.8 ±3.2 respectively) p=0.4. Mean HbA1c was statistically non-significant different between diabetic patients with than without HT (8.6 ±2.5 vs. 8.3
±1.8 respectively) p=0.4. Using a multivariate regression model, age, gender and HbA1c were the independent predictors of diabetic patients with HT. In the
constructed model, we found that age, gender, and HbA1c were statistically non-significant to be independent predictors of diabetic patients with HT.

Conclusion: The frequency of primary hypothyroidism was high with poor glycemic control in patients with T1DM.

Keywords: Cell wall; Ionic liquid; Polysaccharide; Wood.

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